Uno degli indicatori se un’azienda utilizza la propria documentazione per fare formazione e veramente rendere il livello del rischio accettabile, e’ quello di controllare lo stato di aggiornamento delle definizioni. Le definizioni cambiano nel tempo e richiedono magari che anche la compliance dia un’occhiata.
Facciamo alcuni esempi:
Audit
Processo sistematico, indipendente e documentato per ottenere le evidenze e valutarle con obiettività, al fine di stabilire in quale misura i requisiti sono stati
soddisfatti.
Pericolo (Hazard)
Ogni condizione, evento o circostanza che potrebbe generare o contribuire al verificarsi di un evento indesiderato o imprevisto.
Rischio (Risk)
E’ la combinazione della probabilità e della severità delle conseguenze o degli esiti di un pericolo.
Safety
E’ la condizione nella quale i rischi associati alle attività aeronautiche sono ridotti e controllati ad un livello accettabile.
Safety Management System (SMS)
E’ un approccio sistematico alla gestione della Safety che include le necessarie strutture organizzative, responsabilità, politiche e procedure.
Instrument approach operations.
An approach and landing using instruments for navigation guidance based on an instrument approach procedure. There are two methods for executing instrument approach operations:
a) a two-dimensional (2D) instrument approach operation, using lateral navigation guidance only; and
b) a three-dimensional (3D) instrument approach operation, using both lateral and vertical navigation guidance.
Note.— Lateral and vertical navigation guidance refers to the guidance provided either by:
a) a ground-based radio navigation aid; or
b) computer-generated navigation data from ground-based, space-based, self-contained navigation aids or a combination of these.
Decision altitude (DA) or decision height (DH).
A specified altitude or height in a 3D instrument approach operation at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established.
Note 1.— Decision altitude (DA) is referenced to mean sea level and decision height (DH) is referenced to the threshold elevation.
Note 2.— The required visual reference means that section of the visual aids or of the approach area which should have been in view for sufficient time for the pilot to have made an assessment of the aircraft position and rate of change
of position, in relation to the desired flight path. In Category III operations with a decision height the required visual reference is that specified for the particular procedure and operation.
Note 3.— For convenience where both expressions are used they may be written in the form “decision
altitude/height” and abbreviated “DA/H”.
Minimum descent altitude (MDA) or minimum descent height (MDH).
A specified altitude or height in a 2D instrument approach operation or circling approach operation below which descent must not be made without the
required visual reference.
Note 1.— Minimum descent altitude (MDA) is referenced to mean sea level and minimum descent height (MDH) is referenced to the aerodrome elevation or to the threshold elevation if that is more than 2 m (7 ft) below the aerodrome
elevation. A minimum descent height for a circling approach is referenced to the aerodrome elevation.
Note 2.— The required visual reference means that section of the visual aids or of the approach area which should have been in view for sufficient time for the pilot to have made an assessment of the aircraft position and rate of change
of position, in relation to the desired flight path. In the case of a circling approach the required visual reference is the runway environment.
Note 3.— For convenience when both expressions are used they may be written in the form “minimum descent altitude/height” and abbreviated “MDA/H”.
Instrument approach procedure (IAP).
A series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a
defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply. Instrument approach procedures are
classified as follows:
Non-precision approach (NPA) procedure.
An instrument approach procedure designed for 2D instrument approach operations Type A.
Note.— Non-precision approach procedures may be flown using a continuous descent final approach (CDFA) technique. CDFAs with advisory VNAV guidance calculated by on-board equipment (see Part I, Section 4, Chapter 1, paragraph 1.8.1) are considered 3D instrument approach operations. CDFAs with manual calculation of the required rate of descent are considered 2D instrument approach operations. For more information on CDFAs, refer to Part I, Section 4, Chapter 1, paragraphs 1.7 and 1.8.
Approach procedure with vertical guidance (APV).
A performance-based navigation (PBN) instrument approach procedure designed for 3D instrument approach operations Type A.
Precision approach (PA) procedure. An instrument approach procedure based on navigation systems (ILS,
MLS, GLS and SBAS Cat I) designed for 3D instrument approach operations Type A or B.
Note.— Refer to Annex 6 for instrument approach operation types.
Localizer performance with vertical guidance (LPV).
The label used to denote minima lines associated with SBAS APV-I or SBAS Category I performance on approach charts.
Point-in-space (PinS) approach.
An approach procedure designed for helicopters only that includes both a visual and an instrument segment.
Point-in-space (PinS) departure.
A departure procedure designed for helicopters only that includes both a visual and an instrument segment.
Point-in-space (PinS) visual segment. The segment of a helicopter PinS procedure between a point (MAPt or IDF) and the heliport or the landing location.
Point-in-space reference point (PRP).
Reference point for the point-in-space approach as identified by the latitude and longitude of the MAPt.